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Reacts with the 130kDa integrin β1 subunit, CD29, that is expressed following cell activation as a heterodimeric complex with one of nine distinct α subunits, comprising the very late activation antigen (VLA) subfamily of adhesion receptors. The HUTS-21 β1 epitope is weakly expressed on resting lymphocytes, but is upregulated by TPA, Ca ionophore, or another CD29 antibody, TS2/16. This upregulation is Mn dependent and not supported by other divalent cations such as Ca and/or Mg . The VLA receptors have a broad cellular distribution and interact with ligands like VCAm-1 and MAdCAM-1 during cell adhesion. They also interact with extra-cellular matrices including collagen, laminin, fibronectin and others. HUTS-21 antibody enhances adherence of TPA-activated lymphocytes to fibronectin. This antibody is routinely tested by flow cytometric analysis. Other applications were tested at BD Biosciences Pharmingen during antibody development only or reported in the literature.
