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The 9C10 (MFR4.B) antibody reacts with the integrin α;4 chain (CD49d), which is expressed as a heterodimer with either of two β; chains, β;1 or β;7. The α;4β;1 integrin (VLA-4, CD49d/CD29) is expressed on most peripheral lymphocytes, thymocytes, and monocytes; while the α;4β;7 integrin (LPAM-1) is expressed on peripheral lymphocytes, but on only a small subset of thymocytes. These integrins mediate a variety of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, recognizing the ligands VCAM-1 (CD106) and fibronectin. Integrin α;4β;7 also preferentially binds to the mucosal vascular addressin, MAdCAM-1. Although the 9C10 (MFR4.B) antibody alone has been reported to have little function-blocking activity, it can augment the inhibitory effects of mAb R1-2 (Cat. No. 553153), resulting in almost complete inhibition of VLA-4 binding to VCAM-1.