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The 3E2 antibody reacts with CD54 (ICAM-1), a 95kDa member of the Ig superfamily found on lymphocytes, vascular endothelium, high endothelial venules, epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). Its expression is upregulated upon stimulation by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and LPS. Studies with mouse Icam1-transfected antigen-presenting cells, with CD54-blocking antibodies, and in CD54-deficient mice indicate that CD54 participates in inflammatory reactions and antigen-specific immune responses. In addition, there is evidence that CD54 is a receptor involved in MHC-non-restricted responses to weakly immunogenic tumor cells. The 3E2 antibody has been reported to block in vitro and in vivo intracellular adhesion events involved in immune responses.
