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Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine kinase that affects glycogen metabolism by phosphorylating and, thus, down-regulating the activity of muscle glycogen synthase. GSK-3β is identical to the Tau Protein Kinase 1 (TPK 1) which plays a role in the formation of the histopathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, many neurons contain intracytoplasmic neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) that are composed of ubiquitin and highly phosphorylated tau proteins, members of a family of microtubule-assocaited phosphoproteins. Phosphorylation of the tau proteins by GSK-3β converts them into paired helical filaments (PHF) which are found in NFT and degenerative neurites of senile plaques. This ability of GSK-3β to convert tau proteins to PHF has been demonstrated in vitro using primary cultures of embryonic rat hippocampal neurons.Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blotting
