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Heme oxygenases 1 and 2 (HO-1, HO-2) cleave the heme molecule, resulting in the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. HO-1 is a 288 amino acid monooxygenase with a molecular weight of 32kDa. While HO-2 is constitutively expressed in tissues, HO-1 is rapidly induced by several stimuli such as lutathione depletion, hemin, heat shock, heavy metals, oxidative stress, oxidized LDL, anoxia, and endotoxic shock. Similar to nitric oxide (NO), CO activates guanylate cyclase and reduces platelet aggregation. Several conditions that increase NO also induce HO-1 expression and activity. This suggests that NO synthases, Cox-2, and HO-1 are part of a general defense mechanism against stress and pathogen invasion.Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blotting
