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The isotype of a primary antibody and the application it is being used in can result in background staining. Primary antibody background noise can be caused by binding to Fc receptors on target cells; by non-specific interactions with cellular proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; or by cell autofluorescence. Isotype control antibodies can act as negative controls to help differentiate non-specific background signal from specific antibody signal because they have no relevant specificity to a target antigen. While isotype controls are most commonly used in flow cytometry, they are useful in other applications such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), immunohistochemistry, and gel shifts. Isotype controls should match with the primary antibody species and isotype so that the level of specific staining by the primary antibody may be accurately determined. If using directly labeled primary antibodies, the isotype control works best if conjugated with the same label as the test antibody.Concentration may vary slightly from lot-to-lot, see lot-specific datasheet for exact concentration.Purity: The precipitin lines against goat anti-human whole serum are the same as those against goat anti-human IgG, Fc fragment specific when assayed by immunoelectrophoresis at an antigen concentration of 20 mg/ml. No reaction was observed against goat anti-human IgM, Fc5-mu fragment specific, or goat anti-human IgA, alpha chain specific. This antibody is recommended for use in blocking assays applications.Restoration and Storage: Store product at 2-8°C until opened. Restore with 1.1 ml distilled water. Centrifuge product if it is not completely clear after standing for 1-2 hours at room temperature. To judge clarity, draw product into a pasteur pipette. Product may be stored for several weeks at -70°C as undiluted liquid. After dilution, do not use for more than one day. To extend the shelf-life of this product, add an equal volume of glycerol to make a final concentration of 50% glycerol and store at -20°C.Country of Origin: USA
