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Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta is synthesized in response to inflammatory stimuli as a 31 kDa inactive pro-form that accumulates in the cytosol. Cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta into the active 17 kDa protein requires the activation of inflammasomes, which are multi-protein complexes that respond to pathogens, stress conditions, and other danger signals. Inflammasome activation triggers the processing of the caspase-1 precursor into its active form, which in turn cleaves pro-IL-1 beta. IL-1 beta lacks a signal sequence peptide for classical ER/Golgi pathway and is secreted alongside caspase-1 via an alternate and incompletely understood mechanism. Although IL-1 beta is most often secreted in its active form, secretion of the uncleaved protein may be detectable under some biological conditions. IL-1 beta signals through two receptors, IL-1RI and IL-1RII, both of which are shared with IL-1 alpha. IL-1 beta activity can be moderated by IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), a protein produced by many cell types that blocks receptor binding through competitive inhibition. IL-1 beta play an important role in innate host defense by triggering the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in target cells and initiating acute-phase responses to infection and injury. Elevated levels of IL-1 beta have been associated with many chronic inflammatory conditions IL-1 beta neutralizing antibodies potential therapeutic value. : Human IL-1 beta, also called lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), endogenous pyrogen (EP), leucocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), mononuclear cell factor (MCF), is produced by a wide variety of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. IL-1 beta is mostly released and has only 20% amino acid homology with IL-1 alpha. The immune regulatory role of IL-1 beta is exerted on a wide range of cells including lymphocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. In vivo, it induces hypotension, fever, and acute phase response. Applications Reported: Human IL-1 beta ELISA Lyophilized Standard has been reported for use in the Human IL-1 beta Ready-Set-Go! ELISA kit (cat. 88-7261). Applications Tested: The Human IL-1 beta ELISA Lyophilized Standard is intended to be used as a standard for the Human IL-1 beta Ready-Set-Go! ELISA kit (cat. 88-7261). Typically the standard is run in a series of 7 doubling dilutions from the ′top′ standard. Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis included with each ELISA set for instructions on the proper reconstitution and dilution of the lyophilized standard. Note: These are single-use vials. Use one time within 4 hours of reconstitution and discard. Reconstitute and dilute as suggested in the Certificate of Analysis or recovery may not be accurate. Source: E. coli expressed amino acids Ala117-Ser269 of human IL-1 beta accession &Num; NM_000576.
