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There are at least nine members of the paired box (Pax) gene family whose protein products are transcription factors involved in development. The conserved paired box DNA-binding domain is found in the N-terminal region of Pax proteins. An octomer and homeodomain sequence are conserved in the center of the proteins. The Ser/Thr/Pro-rich region in the C-terminal portion contains a conserved 100 amino acid transactivating domain. One of the best studied Pax family members, Pax 5, is a B cell specific activator protein (BSAP). In the early stages of B cell development, Pax-5 influences the expression of several B-cell-specific genes, such as CD19 and CD20. Pax-5 is expressed primarily in pro-, pre-, and mature B cells, but not in plasma cells. Interestingly, Pax-5 mRNA is transiently detected in the mesencephalon and spinal cord during embryogenesis. Expression then shifts to the fetal liver and correlates with the onset of B lymphopoiesis. Pax-5 has been found to be important in both B cell and nervous system development.Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blotting