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Ran is a highly conserved GTPase that is ubiquitously expressed. At steady-state, 80-90% of cellular Ran is located in the nucleus, with the remainder in the cytoplasm. The human TC4/Ran cDNA was originally isolated based on the predicted homology of its encoded protein product to Ras. Unlike other members of the Ras superfamily, Ran does not appear to contain signals for lipid modification, nor does it appear to show membrane localization. Ran has been implicated in a number of cellular processes such as the initiation of DNA replication, entry into and exit from mitosis and in nuclear RNA and protein transport through the nuclear pore complex. A number of Ran binding proteins have been identified. One of the smaller proteins identified is a 28kDa cytosolic molecule known as RanBP1. The GTP-bound state of Ran is stabilized through its binding to RanBP1.
